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Saudi Gastroenterology Association
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Saudi Gastroenterology Association · Open course

Calculators

Short calculators for the core calculations in this course. Move the sliders and watch the result change. Default numbers are illustrative.

Screening cascade: where are people lost?

Follow a screening programme from eligible adults to clinically significant findings and see which step loses the most.

Findings = Eligible × Invited × Participation × Positivity × Colonoscopy × Yield

Linked module: Evidence, data and indicators for policy

Invited

80,000

Tested

32,000

Positive

1,920

Colonoscopies done

1,344

Significant findings

470

Share of eligible reaching a finding

0.47%

The weakest step in the controllable chain is participation (40%). Raise it first, because every later step is multiplied by it.

Hepatitis C elimination tracker

Compare your cascade with the WHO 2030 service-coverage targets: 90% of infected people diagnosed and 80% of those eligible treated. Treated is measured here as a share of those diagnosed, which simplifies the WHO definition.

Linked module: Evidence, data and indicators for policy

Diagnosed (target 90%)

55.0%

Treated of diagnosed (target 80%)

54.5%

More people to diagnose

35,000

More people to treat

14,000

Targets are population-level goals. Treating more people than are diagnosed is impossible, so the two gaps must be closed together.

Waiting list and capacity

A waiting list is a queue. If referrals exceed capacity the backlog grows every week.

Average wait ≈ Backlog ÷ weekly capacity; Extra slots x ≥ (Backlog + 26(Referrals − Capacity) − Target × Capacity) ÷ (26 + Target)

Linked module: Strategic planning for GI services

Weekly surplus (capacity − referrals)

-20

Average wait now

8.6 weeks

Backlog after 26 weeks

2,920

Extra slots/week to reach target in 26 weeks

20

Demand exceeds capacity: the list will keep growing until capacity rises or demand falls.

Benefit–cost ratio with a lag

Programmes with delayed benefits, such as screening, look weaker once the lag and discounting are shown honestly.

BCR = Σ PV(benefits, after lag) ÷ Σ PV(costs)

Linked module: Policy communication and advocacy

PV of costs

SAR 170.6 M

PV of benefits

SAR 159.6 M

Benefit–cost ratio

0.94

Net present value

SAR -11.0 M

Only counted benefits appear here. Health gains that were not given a money value, such as lives saved, are outside the ratio and should be stated separately.

Equity gap: difference and ratio

Compare an indicator between two groups and see how many people a closed gap would reach.

Rate difference = A − B; Rate ratio = A ÷ B

Linked module: Equity, ethics and implementation

Rate difference

21.0 points

Rate ratio

1.68

People reached if the gap closed

42,000

Report both the absolute and the relative gap, and the number of people behind them.

Out-of-pocket burden

A household is often described as facing catastrophic spending when out-of-pocket health payments exceed 10% of its budget (25% is a stricter line).

Burden = Out-of-pocket ÷ Household income

Linked module: Health financing, insurance and purchasing

Share of income

12.5%

Above the 10% catastrophic line

Count the indirect costs too: transport, lost wages and caring time often exceed the fees.

Why risk pooling works

One household cannot predict an expensive episode, but a pool of many can price it.

Premium = Probability × Average cost × (1 + admin loading)

Linked module: Health financing, insurance and purchasing

Expected claim per member

SAR 900

Premium per member

SAR 1,008

Expected episodes in the pool

1,500

Cost to one uninsured household if it happens

SAR 60,000

Each member pays a small, predictable amount instead of risking the full cost. Larger pools make the average more stable.

Structure and topics adapted from the PHPSA academy (Public Healthcare Policy Society of Saudi Arabia). SGA authored the GI examples and figures here; PHPSA has not reviewed them. Descriptions of Saudi institutions are simplified and should be checked against current mandates. PHPSA

Educational content only. Figures in examples, calculators and simulators are illustrative — they are not Saudi price or cost data and do not represent any coverage, pricing or official policy decision.

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